Problem 250
Easy Uniform Convergence

Expand ln x in a series of powers of (x-1), and show

Expand $\ln x$ in a series of powers of $(x-1)$, and show for which $x$ the expansion is valid.

Explanation of Method

Writing $\ln x=\ln(1+y)$ with $y=x-1$ reduces this directly to the standard Maclaurin series for $\ln(1+y)$, already known to converge on $-1

  1. Substitute $y=x-1$ to reduce to $\ln(1+y)$.
  2. Quote the known Maclaurin series for $\ln(1+y)$ and its convergence interval.
  3. Translate back to $x$, and confirm the endpoint values directly.

Step 1 · Substitution

Let $y=x-1$: $\ln x=\ln(1+y)$.

Step 2 · Known Maclaurin series

$$ \ln(1+y) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}n y^n, \qquad -1

Step 3 · Translate to $x$

Substituting back $y=x-1$: $$ \ln x = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}n(x-1)^n, \qquad -1


Summary Table

PropertyValue
Series$\sum(-1)^{n-1}(x-1)^n/n$
At $x=2$Converges conditionally, sum $=\ln2$
At $x=0$Diverges (undefined)
Region of validity$0

Additional Notes

Result

$$ \ln x = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}n(x-1)^n, \quad \text{valid for } 0