Problem 154
Easy Numerical and Functional Series

Prove that: sum from m=2, n=1 to infinity frac1(2n)^m=ln2

Prove that: $$ \sum_{m=2,\,n=1}^{\infty} \frac1{(2n)^m}=\ln2. $$

Explanation of Method

Summing the geometric series over $m\ge2$ first for fixed $n\ge1$ produces $1/[2n(2n-1)]$, and partial fractions turn the outer sum into exactly the alternating harmonic series $1-\frac12+\frac13-\frac14+\cdots$, whose classical sum is $\ln2$.

  1. Sum the inner geometric series over $m$ for fixed $n$.
  2. Decompose via partial fractions.
  3. Recognize the resulting series as the alternating harmonic series.

Step 1 · Inner geometric sum

For fixed $n\ge1$, ratio $\frac1{2n}\le\frac12$: $$ \sum_{m=2}^{\infty}\frac1{(2n)^m} = \frac{1/(2n)^2}{1-1/(2n)} = \frac1{2n(2n-1)}. $$

Step 2 · Partial fractions

$\dfrac1{2n(2n-1)}=\dfrac1{2n-1}-\dfrac1{2n}$.

Step 3 · Recognize the alternating harmonic series

$$ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac1{2n-1}-\frac1{2n}\right) = \left(1-\frac12\right)+\left(\frac13-\frac14\right)+\left(\frac15-\frac16\right)+\cdots = 1-\frac12+\frac13-\frac14+\cdots = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}k. $$ From the Taylor series $\ln(1+x)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}x^k}k$ at $x=1$: this sum equals $\ln2$.


Summary Table

StepResult
Inner sum$1/[2n(2n-1)]$
Regrouped outer sum$1-\frac12+\frac13-\frac14+\cdots$
Value$\ln2$

Additional Notes

Result

The identity is proven:

$$ \sum_{m=2,\,n=1}^{\infty} \frac1{(2n)^m} = \ln2. $$