Problem 143
Evaluate the integral: I = integral x ln x dx
Evaluate the integral: $$ I = \int x\ln x\,dx. $$
Explanation of Method
Integration by parts with $u=\ln x$, $dv=x\,dx$ leaves a leftover integral of a single power of $x$, which integrates directly.
- Choose $u=\ln x$, $dv=x\,dx$.
- Differentiate $u$ and integrate $dv$.
- Apply the integration by parts formula and simplify.
Step 1 · Set up integration by parts
Let:
$$ u = \ln x \quad \Rightarrow \quad du = \frac{dx}{x}, \qquad dv = x\,dx \quad \Rightarrow \quad v = \frac{x^2}{2}. $$
Step 2 · Apply the formula
$$ I = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \int \frac{x^2}{2}\cdot\frac{dx}{x} = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \frac12\int x\,dx. $$
Step 3 · Integrate
Since $\int x\,dx=\dfrac{x^2}{2}$:
$$ I = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C. $$
Summary Table
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| $u$ | $\ln x$ |
| $dv$ | $x\,dx$ |
| Antiderivative | $x^2\ln x/2 - x^2/4$ |
Additional Notes
- The domain requires $x>0$.
- This is the $n=1$ case of the general formula derived in Problem 145; setting $n=1$ there gives $\tfrac{x^2}{2}\ln x-\tfrac{x^2}{4}$, matching this result exactly.
- The result can be checked by differentiating $\tfrac{x^2}{2}\ln x-\tfrac{x^2}{4}$ and confirming it returns $x\ln x$.
Result
The solution to the integral is:
$$
I = \frac{x^2}{2}\ln x - \frac{x^2}{4} + C.
$$