Problem 140
Medium Triple Products and Volume

Prove that (vec a×vec b)·(vec c×vec d)= vec a·vec c vec…

Prove that $(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot(\vec c\times\vec d)=\begin{vmatrix}\vec a\cdot\vec c&\vec a\cdot\vec d\\\vec b\cdot\vec c&\vec b\cdot\vec d\end{vmatrix}=(\vec a\cdot\vec c)(\vec b\cdot\vec d)-(\vec a\cdot\vec d)(\vec b\cdot\vec c)$.

Explanation of Method

The scalar product of two vector products (Binet–Cauchy identity).

Step 1: Proof

Interchange dot and cross (Problem 109), then apply "BAC–CAB": \[(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot(\vec c\times\vec d)=\vec a\cdot\big[\vec b\times(\vec c\times\vec d)\big]=\vec a\cdot\big[\vec c\,(\vec b\cdot\vec d)-\vec d\,(\vec b\cdot\vec c)\big].\]

\[(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot(\vec c\times\vec d)=(\vec a\cdot\vec c)(\vec b\cdot\vec d)-(\vec a\cdot\vec d)(\vec b\cdot\vec c)\qquad\blacksquare\]

Step 2: Special case

With $\vec c=\vec a$ and $\vec d=\vec b$ this becomes the Lagrange identity $|\vec a\times\vec b|^2=|\vec a|^2|\vec b|^2-(\vec a\cdot\vec b)^2$, used in Problems 91, 92 and 102.

Numerical check: for $\vec a=\vec i$, $\vec b=\vec j$, $\vec c=\{1,1,0\}$, $\vec d=\vec k$, both sides equal $0$.

A check with a non-zero value: $\vec a=\{1,2,0\}$, $\vec b=\{0,1,1\}$, $\vec c=\{1,0,1\}$, $\vec d=\{2,1,0\}$ give $\vec a\times\vec b=\{2,-1,1\}$ and $\vec c\times\vec d=\{-1,2,1\}$. The left side is $-2-2+1=-3$. The right side is $1\cdot1-4\cdot1=-3$ $\checkmark$


Result

\[\boxed{\,(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot(\vec c\times\vec d)=(\vec a\cdot\vec c)(\vec b\cdot\vec d)-(\vec a\cdot\vec d)(\vec b\cdot\vec c)\qquad\blacksquare\,}\]