Problem 125
Find the general integral of (y+sin…
Find the general integral of $\dfrac{y+\sin x\cos^2(xy)}{\cos^2(xy)}dx+\dfrac{x}{\cos^2(xy)}dy+\sin y\,dy=0$.
Explanation of Method
Split the equation into $\sec^2(xy)(y\,dx+x\,dy)+\sin x\,dx+\sin y\,dy=0$ and recognize each piece as an exact differential: $d[\tan(xy)]$, $d[-\cos x]$, and $d[-\cos y]$.
Step 1: Split the equation
Rewrite as $\dfrac{y}{\cos^2(xy)}dx+\dfrac{x}{\cos^2(xy)}dy+\sin x\,dx+\sin y\,dy=0$, i.e. $\sec^2(xy)(y\,dx+x\,dy)+\sin x\,dx+\sin y\,dy=0$.
Step 2: Recognize exact differentials
Since $d(xy)=y\,dx+x\,dy$ and $\dfrac{d}{du}\tan u=\sec^2u$: $\sec^2(xy)\,d(xy)=d[\tan(xy)]$. Also $\sin x\,dx=d[-\cos x]$ and $\sin y\,dy=d[-\cos y]$.
Step 3: Sum the differentials
The equation is $d\big[\tan(xy)-\cos x-\cos y\big]=0$.
Result
Final answer:
\[\boxed{\,\tan(xy)-\cos x-\cos y=C,\qquad C\in\mathbb{R}}\]