Problem 49
Find the general integral of the equation x-y-1+(y-x+2)y'=0
Find the general integral of the equation $x-y-1+(y-x+2)y'=0$.
Explanation of Method
Both terms share the same linear part $y-x$, so substitute $u=y-x$ to collapse the equation to one that is separable directly.
Step 1: Substitute $u=y-x$
Here $y'=\dfrac{y-x+1}{y-x+2}=\dfrac{u+1}{u+2}$. Since $u'=y'-1$,
\[\frac{du}{dx}=\frac{u+1}{u+2}-1=-\frac{1}{u+2}.\]
Step 2: Separate and integrate
\[(u+2)\,du=-dx \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \frac{u^2}{2}+2u=-x+C.\]
Step 3: Back-substitute $u=y-x$
Multiplying by 2 and expanding $(y-x)^2+4(y-x)+2x=K$:
\[\boxed{\,y^2-2xy+x^2+4y-2x=C.}\]
Result
Final answer:
\[\boxed{\,y^2-2xy+x^2+4y-2x=C\ \ \Longleftrightarrow\ \ (y-x+2)^2+2x=C'.}\]