Problem 141
Medium Limits and Functions

Write (-3+4i)^(1+i) in the form u+iv (principal value)

Write $(-3+4i)^{1+i}$ in the form $u+iv$ (principal value).

Explanation of Method

Convert the base to polar form, compute its principal logarithm, multiply by the exponent $1+i$, then exponentiate back using $e^{a+ib}=e^a(\cos b+i\sin b)$.

Step 1 · Polar form of $-3+4i$

$$ r=|-3+4i|=\sqrt{9+16}=5 $$

Since $x=-3<0,\ y=4>0$ (second quadrant): $\ \theta=\pi-\arctan\frac43\approx\pi-0.9273\approx2.2143$.

Step 2 · Principal logarithm

$$ \text{Ln}(-3+4i)=\ln5+i\theta\approx1.6094+2.2143i $$

Step 3 · Multiply by $1+i$

$$ (1+i)(\ln5+i\theta)=(\ln5-\theta)+i(\ln5+\theta) $$

$$ a=\ln5-\theta\approx-0.6049, \qquad b=\ln5+\theta\approx3.8237 $$

Step 4 · Exponentiate

$$ (-3+4i)^{1+i}=e^{a+ib}=e^a(\cos b+i\sin b) $$

$$ e^a\approx0.54615, \qquad \cos b\approx-0.77622, \qquad \sin b\approx-0.63046 $$

Step 5 · Result

$$ \boxed{(-3+4i)^{1+i}=e^{\ln5-\theta}\left[\cos(\ln5+\theta)+i\sin(\ln5+\theta)\right]\approx-0.4239-0.3443i} $$

where $\theta=\pi-\arctan\frac43$.

Verification

Direct high-precision evaluation of $e^{(1+i)\,\text{Log}(-3+4i)}$ gives $-0.423935\ldots-0.344325\ldots i$, matching Step 5 to four decimal places.

Result

$$ u=e^{\ln5-\theta}\cos(\ln5+\theta)\approx-0.4239, \qquad v=e^{\ln5-\theta}\sin(\ln5+\theta)\approx-0.3443 $$

As with all non-integer complex powers, this is the principal branch — using $\theta+2k\pi$ in place of $\theta$ yields the full multi-valued family.